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The following list was written by user202729 and serves as the guide to this forum thread.

Tutorial about ROP.

Javascript code to help with writing hackstring.

Character map image. Alternative version. Also available in the Javascript code above.

Scrolling text demonstration with video.

Calculator font.

How to enter a hackstring (991ES+) (less detailed version)

Hackstring used to dump the ROM. No longer needed now as we already have the ROM.

Datasheet contains some information about the hardware.

Hardware description: Part 1, part 2.

  * KI/KO ports (keyboard).
  * Timer: Part 1, part 2.
  * LCD screen.

Variable byte representation (no English translation this time).


High-level functions:

  * getkey

There are some outdated information about "real address" and "emulator address". Now we had the real ROM of the calculator that is not necessary.

The Fx-9860gii SDK uses C by default (it also supports C++, SH4A and SH3 ASM), the SDK just uses the standard C with some extra functions for I/O and drawing. 

In the "fxlib.h" header file, there are a bunch of Bdisp functions, these functions deal with drawing pixels to the screen and clearing them.

e.g Bdisp_PutDisp_DD() is the function used to draw a pixel to the screen and Bdisp_AllClr_DD() is the function used to clear all the pixels from the screen.

There is a good tutorial created by Fez and reformatted by Helder7 about the Bdisp functions and basic I/O over here: http://www.casiopeia...php?f=20&t=1420

You can also download the official Casio docs on the fxlib library over here: http://edu.casio.com...greement.html#2

Here is a hello world program, most of this is auto-generated by the SDK when you create a new project:

/*****************************************************************/
/*                                                               */
/*   CASIO fx-9860G SDK Library                                  */
/*                                                               */
/*   File name : [ProjectName].c                                 */
/*                                                               */
/*   Copyright (c) 2006 CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD.                 */
/*                                                               */
/*****************************************************************/

#include "fxlib.h"

//****************************************************************************
//  AddIn_main (Sample program main function)
//
//  param   :   isAppli   : 1 = This application is launched by MAIN MENU.
//                        : 0 = This application is launched by a strip in eACT application.
//
//              OptionNum : Strip number (0~3)
//                         (This parameter is only used when isAppli parameter is 0.)
//
//  retval  :   1 = No error / 0 = Error
//
//****************************************************************************

int AddIn_main(int isAppli, unsigned short OptionNum)
{
    Bdisp_AllClr_DDVRAM();          // clear screen
    PrintXY(1,1,"Hello World!",0);  // print "Hello World!" to the VRAM
    Bdisp_PutDisp_DD();             // copy pixels from the VRAM to the actual display
    return 1;
}




//****************************************************************************
//**************                                              ****************
//**************                 Notice!                      ****************
//**************                                              ****************
//**************  Please do not change the following source.  ****************
//**************                                              ****************
//****************************************************************************


#pragma section _BR_Size
unsigned long BR_Size;
#pragma section


#pragma section _TOP

//****************************************************************************
//  InitializeSystem
//
//  param   :   isAppli   : 1 = Application / 0 = eActivity
//              OptionNum : Option Number (only eActivity)
//
//  retval  :   1 = No error / 0 = Error
//
//****************************************************************************
int InitializeSystem(int isAppli, unsigned short OptionNum)
{
    return INIT_ADDIN_APPLICATION(isAppli, OptionNum);
}

#pragma section

As you can see from above, there is no main() function, unlike standard C our entry point to the program isn't the main() function, it is the AddIn_Main() function.

The Mandelbrot fractal is quite a sight.
Such wonder and amazement that can be found while viewing the Mandelbrot fractal can now be had on the Casio Prizm graphing calculator.
In addition this program can also be compiled for the PC assuming SDL is installed.
Just run make and it will be up and running.
There is very little difference in function between the PC version and the casio prizm version, the resolution is higher but that is it.

The controls are
Left, right, up, down moves the window in that direction
Menu key or ESC on the PC, exits to the menu or exits the program (PC)
F1 sets maximum iterations to 65535
F2 sets the maximum iterations to 224 (this is the default upon starting the program)
F3 toggles deep mode which is on by default. This means you can zoom in deeper with a slight performance hit.
I do not notice the difference
1 subtracts one from the maximum iterations
2 adds one to the maximum iterations
3 subtracts ten from the maximum iterations
4 adds ten to the maximum iterations
5 subtracts 100 from the maximum iterations
6 adds 100 to the maximum iterations
Shift zooms in
Alpha (ALT on PC) zooms out
Source code https://github.com/C...-Prizm-Explorer
Binary https://github.com/C.../mandelbrot.g3a
Screen shots (from the PC version which gets very similar output differing only in resolution).


Anyways if you have any bug report(s), feature request(s), pull request(s), patch(es) or whatever relates to this I would be happy to hear about them.

Name: Daniel, just call me Hyuji.

Birthday: 15 Feb

Age: 17(For now...)

Hobbies: Biking, Video Games (RPGs), Anime & Manga, Mathematics, Computers, Music(Rap)

Where you got your username: I'm lazy so I just took some grouped letters on the keyboard, that made sense, into a username. If you look on a QWERTY keyboard, you will see the letter H-Y-U-J-I all grouped together for easy typing. My password follows a similar principal.

Don't underestimate this little calculator. Except for graphics and string manipulations, the Casio Basic included has most of the features - including Getkey and Locate - found in the more expensive models. It has even a few features lacking from the graphics calculators:

To prompt for input, the normal way is:
"N"?-->N
Will display N? and store the input in variable N.

Casio fx-5800P also allows this:
"N"?N
Will display N? but also shows the variable N. If no change, then you can press EXE right away. Very handy!

It has a FILE key on the keyboard making it easy to run any program outside Program Mode. With my Casio fx-CG50 I have to switch to Linear Mode, then retrieve the Prog command from the catalog and finally type the program name on the keyboard enclosed in quotation marks. Very awkward.

Often used programs and formulas can also be added to a favorite List, another useful feature.

I also like the CALC and SOLVE keys available to quickly enter an equation and solve for any variable:
E.g. BMI=weight (kg)/height (m)^2

Type B-W/H^2, press SOLVE key, enter W and H, highlight B and press SOLVE again. Done!

The single AAA battery lasts one year if calculator is used 1 hour a day. It draws only 0.12W.

The biggest drawback is that it might be too slow for some. The same prime factorization program used on both the fx-5800P and fx-CG50 gives me:
N=6666666667 (19 x 1627 x 215659)

fx-5800P: 25.4 s
fx-CG50: 2.5 s

N.B. Casio fx-5800P gives the same precedence to multiplication, division and implicit multiplication. That's why

6/2(1+2) = 9

If you try this with a newer CASIO calculator (or one with updated firmware), you will get

6/2(1+2) = 1

As Casio now gives higher precedence to implicit multiplication, so it treats the above expression as:

6/(2(1+2))

The calculator was introduced in 2007, I really hope Casio could upgrade it with a faster processor, more memory and a PC-link.

The IRC bot is down for a while now! Please fix it! Thanks

Does anybody know how to get gray-scale pixels on SH4-type fx-9860gii model calculators.

I've read that Kucalc got it working back in 2007 but that only for sh3. I know C and C++ but I don't know how to write assembly.

The Casio fx-9860 model series only has a monochrome LCD, therefore it can only display pixels in black and white, but a lot of people found ways to emulate tones of gray(gray-scale) on the LCDs.

You have to switch the pixels on and off at a high frequency to trick our eyes to see gray. A darker gray can be achieved by displaying the black pixels for a little while longer.

I've already tried doing this in C, but the flicker speed is not even close to the speed needed to achieve a gray looking pixel.

I know it's possible because people have already done it for the 9860G, and they also achieved gray-scale on the TI-83+ using the same technique.

I've seen it used in Doodle Jump and Mario Land CE and it looks awesome. Games look so much better with gray-scale.

Please reply if you have any information/comments about gray-scale on the SH4-type CPUs.

Every 'If' needs an 'IfEnd' and there are quite a few missing in your program.
You can also use the conditional jump command "=>" (Shift + VARS / F3 / F3) as an 'If-Then' replacement.

Instead of writing...
If A=2
Then A+1->A
IfEnd

You write...
A=2=>A+1->A

The conditional jump command does not allow more than one statement to be executed.